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Trees of the future: Resilient urban greening in times of climate change

City trees are an integral part of urban landscapes. They improve the urban climate, promote biodiversity, reduce air pollution and provide shade and recreational spaces for the city population. However, climate change poses ever greater challenges to urban trees. Extreme weather conditions such as longer dry periods and more intense precipitation as well as heat reflection (from the facades) require trees to be highly adaptable and resilient.

The selection of suitable tree species for urban areas is therefore of crucial importance. In the future, plants from other climatic regions such as the southeastern European Mediterranean, North America or Asia will also thrive here. The aim should also be to increase biodiversity in the city. The Lorberg tree nursery dedicates itself to this task with passion and expertise in order to green cities sustainably.

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Challenges for urban greening

Trees are exposed to numerous stress factors in urban environments:

  • Limited root space: In cities, the space for roots is often severely limited, which affects the growth and stability of trees.
  • Compacted soils: Soil compaction caused by development and traffic makes water and nutrient absorption more difficult.
  • Drought stress: Long dry periods put a lot of strain on the trees and can lead to stunted growth and death.
  • Pollution: Exhaust gases and other pollutants in the air damage the foliage and the health of the trees.
  • Pest infestation: Weak trees are more susceptible to pest infestation and disease. A large diversity of species can help here.
  • Mechanical damage: Damage to the bark caused by bicycles, cars, machines or even improper pruning can permanently weaken the trees.

In our climate tree brochure you will find other climate-tolerant trees:

Selection criteria for Climate trees

The selection of suitable tree species for urban plantings is based on several key evaluation criteria. These are used in the research projects and are crucial for the selection of trees:

  • Growth power: Trees must have good growth power in order to establish themselves quickly and meet urban requirements.
  • Crown formation: Stable and even crown formation is important for the aesthetics and functionality of trees in the city.
  • Stem and root formation: Healthy and robust trunk and root structures are crucial for the stability and long-term survival of trees.
  • Habitus: The general appearance and growth habit of the tree should be attractive and adapted to the urban environment.
  • Soil Adaptation: The ability to thrive in various soil types, including compacted and nutrient-poor soils. Cities often have lime-rich soils that are not suitable for all types of trees.
  • Water requirements: Trees should be able to cope with both adequate water supply and dry periods. However, care is particularly important, especially during the growth phase.
  • Light requirements: Adaptability to different lighting conditions from full sun to partial shade.
  • Wind resistance: Resistance to strong winds so as not to cause danger due to wind breakage.
  • Disease and pest resistance: Resistance to common urban tree diseases and pest infestations.
  • Ecological and aesthetic benefits: Contribution to biodiversity and creation of varied atmospheres in the cityscape.
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Acer campestre (field maple)

  • Origin:Europe, Western Asia and North Africa.
  • Characteristics: The field maple has lobed, dark green leaves that take on an orange-yellow color in autumn. It bears green-yellow flowers in May, from which brown winged fruits emerge in August. It tolerates heat, is windproof and loves warmth.
  • Advantages: Comparatively small growth (5-15 m high, 5-10 m wide), tolerates cutting, is suitable both as a solitary plant and for privacy screens and hedges. It tolerates dry soils and a high degree of sealing. Numerous varieties with a narrow growth habit are also available.




Alnus spaethii (purple alder)

  • Origin: Hybrid of Alnus japonica and Alnus subcordata.
  • Characteristics: The purple alder has leathery, dark green long-lasting leaves and brown-yellow flowers. It grows wide and pyramidal (12-15 m high, 7-10 m wide) and has a gray bark.
  • Advantages: Fast growing, windproof, tolerates cutting and salt and can cope with almost any soil.

Eriolobus trilobatus (three-lobed apple tree)

  • Origin: Southeastern Europe and the Near East.
  • Characteristics: The three-lobed apple tree is a small tree or large shrub from the Rosaceae family. It has three-lobed, dark green leaves (5-8 cm) that turn yellow-orange to red in autumn. The white flowers (2.5-3 cm) appear in June. It bears small, egg-shaped red fruits in autumn. Grows broadly pyramidal with a dense crown (4-6 m high, 3-4 m wide). Growth is slow to medium.
  • Advantages: Drought-resistant, tolerates cutting and is resistant to urban climates. Ideal for streets, avenues, parks and gardens. Tolerates paved locations. Bee and bird food plant.

Fraxinus americana (white ash)

  • Origin: North America.
  • Characteristics: Feathery, fresh green leaves with purple-red autumn color. Upright, medium-strong, compact growth with a broad, egg-shaped crown (15-18 m high, approx. 8 m wide).
  • Advantages: Heat and drought resistant, very frost hardy, tolerates cutting, wind resistant. Ideal for wide streets, parks, squares, cemeteries and large gardens.
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Gleditsia triacanthos 'Skyline' (Leatherpod tree 'Skyline')

  • Origin: North America.
  • Characteristics: The leatherpod tree 'Skyline' has pinnate, dark green leaves that turn golden yellow in autumn. The white flowers have a pleasant smell and appear from June to July. It grows in a cone shape with the best leading shoots (10-15 m high, 5-7 m wide).
  • Advantages: Drought-resistant, urban climate-resistant, tolerates radiant heat well, tolerates salt and pruning, soil and flood-tolerant, is considered thornless, no fruits. Ideal for solitary plantings.




Liquidambar styraciflua (American sweetgum)

  • Origin: Eastern North America and Central America.
  • Characteristics: The American sweetgum tree has fingered, medium green, long-lasting leaves that turn purple-red to red-orange in autumn. It bears brown, round fruits from September and has a dark gray, cork-like bark. Conical growth with straight leading shoot. (10-30 m high, 6-12 m wide).
  • Advantages: Aesthetically appealing, robust, easy to cut and versatile, for example as a solitary plant in parks, some with sculptural growth. Narrow-growing varieties also available.

Magnolia kobus (tree magnolia)

  • Origin: Japan and Korea.
  • Characteristics: The Kobus magnolia has egg-shaped, medium green leaves that turn light yellow in autumn. The white, slightly fragrant flowers appear before budding in April and are around 8-10 cm large. It grows conically wide (8-10 m high, 4-8 m wide).
  • Advantages: Decorative, easy to cut and relatively easy to care for. Ideal for representative plantings in urban areas, also suitable for avenues.
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Parrotia persica (Ironwood Tree)

  • Origin: Northern Persia (Iran and Caucasus)
  • Characteristics: Large shrub or small tree (6-10 m high, up to 10 m wide). Leaves obovate, shiny dark green, autumn color yellow to scarlet red. Small red flower heads in March. Grows broadly funnel-shaped, later broadly round or umbrella-like.
  • Advantages: Very robust, drought-resistant, easy to care for, tolerates cutting, frost-hardy, soil-tolerant, urban climate-resistant. Ideal for solitary positions, borders, container plantings and roof gardens.




Quercus cerris (Ark)

  • Origin: Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor.
  • Characteristics: The oak tree has shiny, dark green, lobed long-lasting leaves (often until spring), which turn amber yellow in autumn. It bears light green fruits in an ornamental fruit cup and has a dark gray bark. Its growth is broadly conical (20-30 m high, 10-20 m wide).
  • Advantages: Heat-tolerant, drought-resistant, urban climate-resistant, wind-resistant, and tolerates salt and cutting. Suitable for solitary plantings in parks and landscapes.

Tilia tomentosa ‘Brabant’ (silver linden tree ‘Brabant’)

  • Origin: Europe and Western Asia
  • Characteristics: Small tree (12-16 m high, 5-6 m wide). Heart-shaped, dark green leaves with a silvery-white underside, yellow autumn color. Yellowish-white, fragrant flowers in umbels in July. Growth narrowly egg-shaped, compact, later rounded. Trunk extends into the crown, densely branched, upright branches.
  • Advantages: Very heat-tolerant, drought-resistant, wind-resistant, tolerates cutting, frost-hardy, heat-loving, urban climate-resistant. Ideal for avenues and large solitary plantings, particularly suitable for cramped inner-city conditions.
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Ulmus 'New Horizon' (Resista® elm)

  • Origin: Hybrid of different elm species.
  • Characteristics: The Resista® elm 'New Horizon' has dark green, glossy leaves and light green flowers that appear in March. It grows wide and pyramidal (20-25 m high).
  • Advantages: High resistance to Dutch elm disease, flood-tolerant, heat and pruning tolerant and frost hardy. Ideal for solitary plantings and also suitable for hollow planting.
There are several hybrids available in the Resista line. Further information can be found in our elm brochure:





The future of urban greening lies in the careful selection and maintenance of resilient tree species that can withstand the extreme conditions of climate change. By promoting greater diversity and using optimally adapted trees, cities can remain green, livable and resilient even in times of climate change.

Collaboration between tree nurseries like Lorberg, researchers, urban planners and municipalities is crucial to developing and implementing innovative solutions. Only through shared commitment and continuous research can we ensure that our cities remain green oases of relaxation and quality of life in the future.

We at Lorberg Tree Nursery are at your side with expert advice and comprehensive service and will be happy to support you in selecting and planting the right trees for the future. With our expertise and passion, we are the ideal partner for your greening project. Contact us today!





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